Learn AksharaHindi reading guides
01 · VOWELS · FREE READING GUIDE

Hindi vowels

11 vowel letters from the Hindi course, with sound spellings and available recordings. Learn to recognise the shapes before moving to attached vowel signs.

Try a practice lesson →

Choose Listen beside an available recording. Audio plays only when you ask.

11 Hindi vowel letters

Compare the independent letters, English sound spellings, and course hints. The English labels are approximate reading aids.

Hindi vowels and reading hints
LetterEnglish sound guideReading hintRecording
aHindi a is the relaxed central vowel in about, not the aa of father.

अनार — anaar · pomegranate

Listen
aaOpen aa, roughly as in father; different in quality as well as length from अ.

आम — aam · mango

Listen
iBrief i, roughly as in sit. The sign ि appears to the left but is read after the consonant.

इमली — imlee · tamarind

Listen
eeClose ee, roughly as in see; keep it distinct from इ.

ईख — eekh · sugar cane

Listen
uBrief rounded u, roughly as in put.

उल्लू — ulloo · owl

Listen
ooClose rounded oo, roughly as in moon.

ऊन — oon · wool

Listen
ri (ऋ)Usually ri in modern Hindi Sanskrit-derived words. The ऋ label identifies the spelling, not a new sound. Listen
eA steady close e; avoid adding the English ay glide.

एक — ek · one

Listen
aiUsually a steady open e sound /ɛː/ in standard Hindi. The aid ai does not mean English eye.

ऐनक — ainak · spectacles

Listen
oA steady rounded o; avoid adding the English ow glide. Listen
auUsually a steady open rounded o /ɔː/ in standard Hindi. The aid au does not mean English how. Listen

Compare the letters and hints

Use the course’s hints for these vowel letters. Similar English spellings do not necessarily represent the same sound.

Move to attached vowel signs

  1. Choose a few written forms and compare their English hints.
  2. Cover the hints and identify the letters in a different order.
  3. Practise with matching, mixing, flashcards, or a visual quiz.

Compare each independent vowel with its attached form in the vowel-sign chart.

Prepared by Learn Akshara from our beginner Hindi curriculum. English spellings are approximate learning aids. Writing-system reference: The Unicode Standard, South Asian Scripts. AI-generated pronunciation is a learning aid, not a guarantee of accuracy. See our audio sources and credits.